Abstract
In the work, a bimetallic cobalt-titanium oxide CoTiO3 with a perovskite structure was synthesized by a simple method of spontaneous hydrolysis with subsequent thermal annealing. The influence of the presence of hydrogen peroxide during synthesis and annealing temperature on the phase composition, structural, morphological and surface characteristics of the obtained materials was studied using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and porometry. It was shown that the formation of the crystalline phase of perovskite CoTiO3 occurs at annealing temperatures of 500 °C and above. Increasing the annealing temperature from 400 to 800 °C leads to particle enlargement from ~50 nm to 200–400 nm and a concomitant increase in crystallinity. The electrochemical properties of CoTiO3 were studied by galvanostatic cycling in half-cells with lithium and sodium anodes in the voltage range of 0.01–3 V and current densities from 0.1 to 5 A/g. It was found that the increase in crystallinity of CoTiO3 due to an increase in the annealing temperature to 800 °C has a positive effect on the stability of the specific capacity, improves the rate characteristics and reduces the number of activation charge-discharge cycles. In lithium-ion cells, the maximum specific capacity of CoTiO3, which reaches 218 mAh/g after 190 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and the best stability during cycling and discharge at high current densities are characteristic of samples annealed at a temperature of 800 °C. The specific capacity of CoTiO3 in the sodium-ion system is almost 2 times lower and is less dependent on the annealing temperature. It is shown that the nature of the alkali metal cation significantly affects the capacitive and kinetic characteristics of CoTiO3, respectively, the better electrochemical properties of CoTiO3 in the lithium system are associated with a higher diffusion ability and smaller kinetic limitations of the Li+ cation compared to the larger Na+ cation.
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