Abstract
Dedication: To Casey and Calley Means, fearless science and health advocates, for their inspiring work in redefining wellness and empowering individuals to take charge of their metabolic destinies.
Micro-/nanoplastics represent a ubiquitous environmental contaminant with potential adverse effects across all living organisms. Ongoing research consistently reveals new and expands upon existing concerns regarding plastic exposure. Notably, emerging evidence suggests a link between plastic exposure and premature cognitive decline in older adults, potentially contributing to the onset or exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia. Furthermore, endocrine-disrupting chemicals derived from plastics have been implicated in hormonal imbalances, potentially resulting in the masculinization of female development and the feminization of male development. If unmitigated, these impacts could precipitate a substantial and unforeseen environmental health crisis. This Perspective employs a chemistry-based approach to elucidate plastic-related health issues and introduces the concept of bioavailable plastic, i.e. plastic particles smaller than 2.5 μm capable of biological barrier penetration. We highlight lipophilicity as the key physicochemical property responsible for the uptake of these particles within organisms particularly their accumulation in adipose tissues, including the brain. Furthermore, we propose a solvation-assisted desorption mechanism whereby oligomeric molecules released from plastics in fatty tissues generate mono- and dicarboxylic acids that mimic endogenous fatty acids. These exogenous fatty acids can integrate into phospholipid and glycolipid biosynthesis becoming components of cell membranes and myelin sheaths. These considerations should stimulate research aimed at neurological health protection in an increasingly plastic-laden environment, though the broader implications of this integration are of significant concern. Mechanistic understanding of the link between bioavailable plastic exposure and central nervous system disorders is crucial for informing transformative policy changes and preventive measures to safeguard future generations’ health. To empower readers with actionable strategies for reducing plastic exposure, we offer several recommendations. Notably, limiting the consumption of fatty animal products, especially pork fat (salo) is advised. While salo is a culturally significant food, it appears to be a major reservoir for plastic particles, particularly those smaller than 200 nm, i.e. bioavailable plastic. These nanoparticles, due to their ability to traverse biological barriers in humans, pose a considerable risk. This Perspective seeks to underscore the critical need for comprehensive research into the long-term health effects of microplastics highlighting their pervasive presence and potential hidden dangers.
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