Abstract
The review is devoted to the use of impregnated activated carbon materials as chemisorbents of sulfur (IV) oxide. General methods for obtaining ordinary activated carbon, preparation of raw materials, their chemical activation with alkalis and acids followed by heat treatment (carbonization) in an inert environment or in the presence of a gaseous oxidizer, the role of acid-base and redox catalysts in this process are considered. The influence of the chemical composition of the activated carbon surface, the presence of functional groups, and their acid-base properties, as well as the products of surface reactions on the peculiarities of sulfur (IV) oxide adsorption is analyzed from the point of view of SO2 removal efficiency and the possibility of SO2 regeneration. An important role in these processes is played by the pore size, the possibility of co-adsorption of water, and the presence of an oxidant. The nature of adsorbent-adsorbate interactions on the surface of activated carbon, their energy, in particular, the contribution of so-called "physical" adsorption, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and the influence of surface functional groups are discussed. The activation of carbon raw materials with nitrogen-containing compounds leads to the N-doping of the surface, which increases the efficiency of SO2 adsorption, facilitating not only van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, but also S←N binding. The influence of oxygen and oxygen-containing functional groups on SO2 adsorption is also discussed.
To obtain impregnated activated carbon for SO2 absorption, the original activated carbon of the required quality is impregnated with solutions of inorganic and organic compounds that remain on the inner surface of the activated carbon after drying. Impregnation blocks partly the porosity of activated carbon, but makes it more capable of chemical adsorption. Chemisorption, in which certain chemical bonds are formed between the surface of the activated carbon and the compound being adsorbed, is more selective than physical adsorption, where the size of molecules is critical for an effective capture process. It can be noted that unlike inorganic alkalis, which spoil the porous structure of activated carbon, treatment with a solution of ammonia or organic N-containing bases promotes SO2 absorption. A special place in gas purification is occupied by activated carbon impregnated with ionic liquids, non-aqueous solvents being used for impregnation. A separate issue of the chemisorption of sulfur (IV) oxide by samples of impregnated activated carbon based on d-metals will be discussed in detail below.
References
National State of the Environment Report of Ukraine in 2018. Kyiv, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, LAT & K. 2019. P. 184. (In Ukrainian).
Munteanu V., Vlad M., Balint L. Experimental Model for Pollutants Monitoring into the Coke-Chemical Plant. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science. 2009. 32(2): 106–111.
National State of the Environment Report of Ukraine in 2014. Kyiv, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, LAT & K. 2015. P. 226. (In Ukrainian).
Zbykovskyy Y., Shvets I. Investigation for a Sustainable Use of Fossil Coal Through the Dynamics of Interaction of Smokeless Solid Fuel with Oxygen and the Possibilities of Its Practical Application. In: Boichenko S., Yakovlieva A., Zaporozhets O., Karakoc T.H., Shkilniuk I. (eds) Chemmotological Aspects of Sustainable Development of Transport. Sustainable Aviation. Springer, Cham. 2022. P. 167−186.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06577-4_9
Henning K.‐D., Kienle H. Activated Carbon. In book Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials. Ed. Jäger H., Frohs W. Vol. I: Raw Materials, Production and Applications, I. Weinheim: Wiley. 2021. P. 491–531.
doi: 10.1002/9783527674046.ch9
Kiani S.S., Farooq A., Ahmad M., Irfan N., Nawaz M., Irshad M.A. Impregnation on activated carbon for removal of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and radioactive content. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2021. 28: 60477–60494.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15973-1
Kulyukhin S.A. Fundamental and applied aspects of the chemistry of radioactive iodine in gas and aqueous media. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2012. 81(10): 960–982.
doi:10.1070/RC2012v081n10ABEH004269
Lebedev S.M., Obruchikov A.V., Rastunov L.N. Determination of the sorption capacity index of Busofit T-040 brand material impregnated with barium iodide-diazobicyclooctane. Adv. Chem. Chem. Technol. 2010. 24(7): 36–39. (In Russian)
Ho K., Chun H., Lee H.C., Lee Y., Lee S., Jung H., Han B., Lee C.-H. Design of highly efficient adsorbents for removal of gaseous methyl iodide using tertiary amine-impregnated activated carbon: Integrated experimental and first-principles approach. Chem. Eng. J. 2019. 373: 1003–1011.
doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.115
Ho K., Park D., Park M.-K., Lee C.-H.Adsorption mechanism of methyl iodide by triethylenediamine and quinuclidine-impregnated activated carbons at extremely low pressures. Chem. Eng. J. 2020. 396: 125215.
doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125215
Varshney M., Sharma S.P., Sathe M. Polyaniline impregnated activated carbon fabric: Adsorption and protection studies against nerve agent sarin. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 2022. 99(11):100748.
doi: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100748
Jha M.K., Joshi S., Sharma R.K., Kim A.A., Pant B., Park M., Pant H.R. Surface Modified Activated Carbons: Sustainable Bio-Based Materials for Environmental Remediation. Nanomater. 2021. 11(11): 3140.
doi: 10.3390/nano11113140
Bousba D., Sobhi C., Zouaoui A., Bouasla S. Synthesis of activated carbon sand their application in the synthesis of monometallic and bimetallic supported catalysts. Alger. J. Signals Syst. 2020. 5(4): 190–196.
doi: 10.51485/ajss.v5i4.116
Kiani S.S., Faiz Y., Farooq A., Ahmad M., Irfan N., Nawaz M., Bibi S. Synthesis and adsorption behavior of activated carbon impregnated with ASZM-TEDA for purification of contaminated air. Diamond Relat. Mater. 2020. 108. 107916.
doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107916
Kuznetsov B.N., Shchipko M.L., Chesnokov N.V., Miloshenko T.P., Safonova L.V., Veprikova E.V., Zhizhaev A.M., Pavlenko N.I. Obtaining the Porous Carbon Materials through High-Speed Heating and Preliminary Chemical Modification of Anthracites. Chem. Sustainable Dev. 2005. (4): 521–529. (In Russian)
Mikova N.M., Chesnokov N.V., Kuznetsov B.N. Study of High Porous Carbons Prepared by the Alkaline Activation of Anthracites. J. Siberian Federal University. Chem. 2009. 2(1): 3–10.
Sych N.V., Strelko V.V., Tsyba N.N., Puziy A.M. Effect of phosphoric acid on the development of a porous structure of carbons obtained by chemical activation of corn cobs. Rep. National Academy Sci. Ukr. 2009. (7): 144–148.
Chesnokov N.V., Mikova N.M., Ivanov I.P., Kuznetsov B.N. Synthesis of Carbon Sorbents by Chemical Modification of Fossil Coals and Plant Biomass. J. Siberian Federal Univ. Chem. 2014. 7(1): 42–53. (In Russian)
Sadighzadeh A., Azimzadeh Asiabi P., Bavand A., Hamidi A.A., Ghoranneviss M., Salar Elahi A. Carbonization, Impregnation and Activation Synthesis for Sulfur Dioxide Adsorbent Capacity of Carbon. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 2015. 25: 1542–1546.
doi: 10.1007/s10904-015-0273-7
Heidarinejad Z., Dehghani M.H., Heidari M., Javedan G., Ali I., Sillanpää M. Methods for preparation and activation of activated carbon: a review. Env. Chem. Lett. 2020. 18(2): 393–415.
doi: 10.1007/s10311-019-00955-0
Sinha P., Banerjee S., Kar K.K. Characteristics of Activated Carbon. In: Kar K. (eds.) Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I. Springer Series in Materials Science. 2020. 300. Springer, Cham. P. 125–154.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43009-2_4
Yang I., Jung M., Kim M.-S., Choia D., Jung J.C. Physical and chemical activation mechanisms of carbon materials based on the microdomain model. J. Mol. Chem. 2021. 9(15): 9815–9825.
doi: 10.1039/D1TA00765C
Demiral İ, Şamdan C.A. Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from pumpkin seed shell using H3PO4. Anadolu Univ. J. Sci. Technol. A Appl. Sci. Eng. 2016. 17(1): 125–138.
doi: 10.18038/btda.64281
De Yuso A.M., Rubio B., Izquierdo M.T. Influence of activation atmosphere used in the chemical activation of almond shell on the characteristics and adsorption performance of activated carbons. Fuel Process Technol. 2014. 119: 74–80.
doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.10.024
Abdelnaeim M.Y., El Sherif I.Y., Attia A.A., Fathy N.A., ElShahat M.F. Impact of chemical activation on the adsorption performance of common reed towards Cu (II) and Cd (II). Int. J. Miner. Process. 2016. 157: 80–88.
doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2016.09.013
Moreno-Castilla C., Carrasco-Marin F., Utrera-Hidalgo E., Rivera-Utrilla J. Activated carbons as adsorbents of sulfur dioxide in flowing air. Effect of their pore texture and surface basicity. Langmuir. 1993. 9(5): 1378–1383.
doi: 10.1021/la00029a035
Lisovskii A., Semiat R., Aharoni C. Adsorption of sulfur dioxide by active carbon treated by nitric acid: I. Effect of the treatment on adsorption of SO2 and extractability of the acid formed. Carbon. 1997. 35(10–11): 1639–1643.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00129-2
Lisovskii A., Shter G.E., Semiat R. Aharoni C. Adsorption of sulfur dioxide by active carbon treated by nitric acid: II. Effect of preheating on the adsorption properties. Carbon. 1997. 35(10-11): 1645–1648.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00122-x
Lizzio A.A., DeBarr J.A. Mechanism of SO2 Removal by Carbon. Energy Fuels. 1997. 11(2): 284–291.
doi: 10.1021/ef960197+
Davini P. SO2 adsorption by activated carbons with various burnoff s obtained from bituminous coal. Carbon. 2001. 39(9): 1387–1393. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00258-x
Bagreev A., Bashkova S., Bandosz T.J. Adsorption of SO2 on Activated Carbons: The Effect of Nitrogen Functionality and Pore Sizes. Langmuir. 2002. 18(4): 1257–1264.
doi: 10.1021/la011320e
Sun F., Gao J., Zhu Y., Chen G., Wu S., Qin Y. Adsorption of SO2 by typical carbonaceous material: a comparative study of carbon nanotubes and activated carbons. Adsorption. 2013. 19(5): 959–966.
doi: 10.1007/s10450-013-9504-9
Raymundo-Piñero E., Cazola-Amorós D., Salinas-Martinez de Lecea C., Linares-Solano A. Factors controling the SO2 removal by porous carbons: relevance of the SO2 oxidation step. Carbon. 2000. 38(3): 335–344.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(99)00109-8
Wang Z.M., Kaneko K.J. Effect of Pore Width on Micropore Filling Mechanism of SO2 in Carbon Micropores. Phys. Chem. B. 1998. 102(16): 2863–2868.
doi: 10.1021/jp973270l
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th ed. Ed. By Weast R.C. RC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2014. 2666 p.
Adib F., Bagreeev A., Bandosz T.J. Adsorption/Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide on Nitrogen-Containing Activated Carbons. Langmuir. 2000. 16(4): 1980–1986.
doi: 10.1021/la990926o
Daley M.A., Mangun C.L., DeBarr J.A., Riha S., Lizzio A.A., Donnals G.L., Economy J. Adsorption of SO2 onto oxidized and heat-treated activated carbon fibers (ACFS). Carbon. 1997. 35(3): 411–417.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(97)89612-1
Peluso A., Gargiulo N., Aprea P., Pepe F., Caputo D. Nanoporous Materials as H2S Adsorbents for Biogas Purification: a Review. Sep. Purif. Rev. 2018. 48(1): 1–12.
doi: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1476978
Davini P. Adsorption and desorption of SO2 on active carbon: the effect of surface basic groups. Carbon. 1990. 28(4): 565–571.
doi: 10.1016/0008-6223(90)90054-3
Anurov S.A. Physicochemical aspects of the adsorption of sulfur dioxide by carbon adsorbents. Russ. Chem. Rev. 1996. 65(8): 663–676. doi: 10.1070/RC1996v065n08ABEH000221
Presto A.A., Granite E.J. Impact of Sulfur Oxides on Mercury Capture by Activated Carbon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007. 41(18): 6579–6584.
doi: 10.1021/es0708316
Lequin S., Karbowiak T., Brachais L., Chassagne D., Bellat J.-P. Adsorption equilibria of sulphur dioxide on cork.Am. J. Enol. Viticult. 2009. 60(2): 138–144.
doi: 10.5344/ajev.2009.60.2.138
Qu Z., Sun F., Liu X., Gao J., Qie Z., Zhao G. The effect of nitrogen-containing functional groups on SO2 adsorption on carbon surface: Enhanced physical adsorption interactions. Surf. Sci. 2018. 677: 78–82.
doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2018.05.019
Young N.A. Main Group Coordination Chemistry at Low Temperatures: A Review of Matrix Isolated Group 12 to Group 18 Complexes. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2013. 257(5-6): 956−1010.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.013
Desiraju G.R., Steiner T. The Weak Hydrogen Bond: In Structural Chemistry and Biology. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. 2001. 507 p.
MacLeod J.M., Rosei F. 3.02 - Directed Assembly of Nanostructures. In Comprehensive Nanoscience and Techn. 2011. 3: 13–68.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374396-1.00098-2
Arunan E., Desiraju G.R., Klein R.A., Sadlej J., Scheiner S., Alkorta I., Clary D.C., Crabtree R.H., Dannenberg J.J., Hobza P., Kjaergaard H.G., Legon A.C., Mennucci B., Nesbitt D.J. Hydrogen Bonding: A Critical Survey. In Defining the Hydrogen Bond: an Account. Pure and Applied Chem. 2011. 83.
doi: 10.1515/iupac.83.0502
Davini P. Influence of surface properties and iron addition on the SO2 adsorption capacity of activated carbons. Carbon. 2002. 40(5): 729–734.
doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00161-0
Zhang S., Wang L., Zhang Y., Cao F., Sun Q., Ren X., Wennersten R. Effect of hydroxyl functional groups on SO2 adsorption by activated carbon. J. Env. Chem. Eng. 2022. 10(6): 108727.
doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108727
Li K., Ling L., Lu C., Qiao W., Liu Z., Liu L., Mochida I.Catalytic removal of SO2 over ammonia-activated carbon fibers. Carbon. 2001. 39(12): 1803–1808.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00320-1
Shim J.-W., Park S.-J., Ryu S.-K. Effect of modification with HNO3 and NaOH on metal adsorption by pitch-based activated carbon fibers. Carbon. 2001. 39(11): 1635–1642.
doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00290-6
Xiao Y., Liu Q., Liu Z., Huang Z., Guo Y., Yang J. Roles of lattice oxygen in V2O5 and activated coke in SO2 removal over coke-supported V2O5 catalysts. J. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2008. 82(1–2): 114–119.
doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.01.004
Ye Y., Xie J., Fang D., Wang X., He F., Jin Q. Effect of acid treatment on surfaces of activated carbon supported catalysts for NO and SO2 removal. Fullerenes Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct. 2022. 30(20): 297–305.
doi: 10.1080/1536383X.2021.1938000
Yan Z., Liu L., Zhang Y., Liang J., Wang J., Zhang Z. Activated semi-coke in SO2 removal from flue gas: selection of activation methodology and desulfurization mechanism study. J. Energy Fuel. 2013. 27(6): 3080–3089.
doi: 10.1021/ef400351a
Dou J., Zhao Y., Duan X., Chai H., Li L., Yu J. Desulfurization Performance and Kinetics of Potassium Hydroxide-Impregnated Char Sorbents for SO2 Removal from Simulated Flue Gas. ACS Omega. 2020. 5(30): 19194−19201.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02624
Lee Y.W., Choi D.K., Park J.W. Surface chemical characterization using AES/SAM and
ToF-SIMS on KOH-impregnated activated carbon by selective adsorption of NOx. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001. 40(15): 3337–3345.
doi: 10.1021/ie001068q
Lee Y.-W., Kim H.J., Park J.W., Choi B.U., Choi D.K., Park J.W. Adsorption and reaction behavior for the simultaneous adsorption of NO–NO2 and SO2 on activated carbon impregnated with KOH. Carbon. 2003. 41(10): 1881–1888.
doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00105-2
Hamad B.K., Noor A.M., Afida A.R., Mohd Asri M.N. High removal of 4-chloroguaiacol by high surface area of oil palm shell-activated carbon activated with NaOH from aqueous solution. J. Desalination. 2010. 257(1): 1–7.
doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.03.007
Ho C.-S., Shih S.-M. Ca(OH)2/fly ash sorbents for SO2 removal. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992. 31(4): 1130–1135. doi: 10.1021/ie00004a023
Lu G.Q., Do D.D. Retention of sulfur dioxide as sulfuric acid by activated coal reject chart. Sep. Technol. 1993. 3(2): 106–110.
doi: 10.1016/0956-9618(93)80010-o
Lee J.K., Shim H.J., Lim J.C., Choi G.J., Kim Y.D., Min B.G., Park D. Influence of tension during oxidative stabilization on SO2 adsorption characteristics of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based activated carbon fibers. Carbon. 1997. 35(6): 837–843.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00040-7
Bimer J., Sałbut P.D., Berłożecki S., Boudou J.-P., Broniek E., Siemieniewska T. Modified active carbons from precursors enriched with nitrogen functions: sulfur removal capabilities. Fuel. 1998. 77(6): 519–525.
doi: 10.1016/S0016-2361(97)00250-0
Bashkova S., Bagreev A., Locke D.C., Bandosz T.J. Adsorption of SO2 on sewage sludge-derived materials. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001. 35(15): 3263–3269.
doi: 10.1021/es010557u
Yang F.H., Yang R.T. An initio molecular orbital study of the mechanism of SO2 oxidation catalyzed by carbon. Carbon. 2003. 41(11): 2149–2158.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(03)00249-5
Khoma R.E., Ennan A.A.-A. Molecular complexes of sulphur dioxide with N,O-containing organic bases (review). Vіsn. Odes. nac. unіv., Hіm. 2016. 21(3): 42–50.
doi: 10.18524/2304-0947.2016.3(59).7951
Boudou J.P., Chehimi M., Broniek E., Siemieniewska T., Bimer J. Adsorption of H2S or SO2 on an activated carbon cloth modified by ammonia treatment. Carbon. 2003. 41(10): 1999–2007.
doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00210-0
Ennan A.A.-A., Dlubovskii R.M., Khoma R.E. Non-woven ion-exchange fibrous materials in air sanitary cleaning. Ukr. Chem. J. 2021. 87(7): 11–32.
doi: 10.33609/2708-129X.87.07.2021.11-32
Khoma R.E., Gelmboldt V.O., Ennan A.A., Baumer V.N., Tsapko M.D. Interaction products in the system sulfur dioxide–2,2′-bipyridine–water. Van der Waals clathrates. Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 2016. 86(9): 2037–2041.
doi: 10.1134/s1070363216090097
Khoma R.E., Baumer V.N., Gelmboldt V.O., Ennan A.A.A., Tsapko M.D., Dlubovskii R.M. Interaction features in the system sulfur dioxide – tribenzylamine – water – benzene. Van der Waals complex [(C6H5CH2)3N]x∙(SO2)y and the product of its solvolysis – tribenzylammonium ethylsulphate. New tribenzylamine polymorph. Ross. Himich. Zhurn. 2021. 65(1): 3–11. (In Russian)
Keller J.W. Sulfur Dioxide−Pyridine Dimer. FTIR and Theoretical Evidence for a Low-Symmetry Structure. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2015. 119(41): 10390–10398.
doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06122
Shen W., Li Z., LiuY. Surface Chemical Functional Groups Modification of Porous Carbon. Recent Pat. Chem. Eng. 2008. 1(1): 27–40.
doi: 10.2174/2211334710801010027
Yuan J., Jiang X., Chen D., Jiang W., Li J. Evolution of sulfur species on titanium ore modified activated coke during flue gas desulfurization. Energy Fuels. 2018. 32(8): 8623–8630.
doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01605
Fuente E., Menendez J.A., Suarez D., Montes-Moran M.A. Basic surface oxides on carbon materials: a global view. Langmuir. 2003. 19(8): 3505–3511.
doi: 10.1021/la026778a
Bastos-Neto M., Canabrava D.V., Torres A.E.B., Rodriguez-Castellón E., Jiménez-López A., Azevedo D.C.S., Cavalcante C.L.Effects of textural and surface characteristics of microporous activated carbons on the methane adsorption capacity at high pressures. Appl. Surf. Sci.2007. 253(13): 5721–5725.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.12.056
Yuan J., Chen J., Wang Z., Yin R., Zhu X., Yang K., Peng Y., Li J. Identification of Active Sites over Metal-Free Carbon Catalysts for Flue Gas Desulfurization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023. 57(6): 2575–2583.
doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09521
Pliego J.J.R., Resende S.M., Humeres E. Chemisorption of SO2 on graphite surface: A theoretical ab initio and ideal lattice gas model study. Chem. Phys. 2005. 314(1–3): 127–133.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.01.022
Mochida I., Korai Y., Shirahama M., Kawano S., Hada T., Seo Y., Yoshikawa M., Yasutake A. Removal of SOx and NOx over activated carbon fibers. Carbon. 2000. 38(2): 227–239.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(99)00179-7
Rubio B., Izquierdo M.T., Mastral A.M. Influence of lowrank coal char properties on their SO2 removal capacity from flue gases. 2. Activated chars.Carbon. 1998. 36(3): 263–268.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00190-5
Martin C., Perrard A., Joly J.P., Gaillard F., Delecroix V. Dynamic adsorption on activated carbons of SO2 traces in air: I. Adsorption capacities. Carbon. 2002. 40(12): 2235–2246.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00108-2
Rosas J.M., Ruiz-Rosas R., Rodríguez-Mirasol J., Cordero T. Kinetic study of SO2 removal over lignin-based activated carbon. Chem. Eng. J. 2017. 307: 707–721.
doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.111
Yang W., Gong J., Wang X., Bao Z., Guo Y., Wu Z. A review on the impact of SO2 on the oxidation of NO, hydrocarbons, and CO in diesel emission control catalysis. ACS Catal. 2021. 11(20): 12446–12468.
doi: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03013
Py X., Roizard C., Midoux N. Kinetics of sulfur dioxide oxidation in slurries of activated carbon and concentrated sulfuric acid. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1995. 50(13): 2069–2079.
doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00067-F
Anurov S.A., Kel'tsev N.V., Smola V.I., Torocheshnikov N.S. The Mechanism of the Adsorption of Sulphur Dioxide on Carbonaceous Adsorbents. Russ. Chem. Rev. 1977. 46(1): 16–26.
doi: 10.1070/RC1977v046n01ABEH002117
Lee S.-W., Daud W.M.A.W., Lee M.-G. Adsorption characteristics of methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, and trimethylamine on coconut-based activated carbons modified with acid and base. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2010. 16(6): 973–977.
doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2010.04.002
Jahangiri M., Shahtaheri S.J., Adl J., Rashidi A., Kakooei H., Forushani A.R., Nasiri G., Ghorbanali A., Ganjali M.R. Preparation of activated carbon from walnut shell and its utilization for manufacturing organic-vapour respirator cartridge. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 2012. 21(6a): 1508–1514.
Fortier H., Westreich P., Selig S., Zelenietz C., Dahn J.R. Ammonia, cyclohexane, nitrogen and water adsorption capacities of an activated carbon impregnated with increasing amounts of ZnCl2, and designed to chemisorb gaseous NH3 from an air stream. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2008. 320(2): 423–435.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.01.018
Fortier H., Zelenietz C., Dahn T.R., Westreich P., Stevens D.A., Dahn J.R. SO2 adsorption capacity of K2CO3-impregnated activated carbon as a function of K2CO3 content loaded by soaking and incipient wetness. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2007. 253(6): 3201–3207.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.07.005
Romero J.V., Smith J.W.H., White C.L., Trussler S., Croll L.M., Dahn J.R. A combinatorial approach to screening carbon based materials for respiratory protection. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010. 183(1–3): 677–687.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.079
Smith J.W.H., Westreich P., Abdellatif H., Filbee-Dexter P., Smith A.J., Wood T.E., Croll L.M., Reynolds J.H., Dahn J.R. The investigation of copper-based impregnated activated carbons prepared fromwater-soluble materials for broad spectrum respirator applications. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010. 180(1–3): 419–428.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.047
Romero J.V., Smith J.W.H., Sullivan B.M., Macdonald L., Croll L.M., Dahn J.R. Evaluation of the SO2 and NH3 Gas Adsorption Properties of CuO/ZnO/Mn3O4 and CuO/ZnO/NiO Ternary Impregnated Activated Carbon Using Combinatorial Materials Science Methods. ACS Comb. Sci. 2013. 15(2): 01–110.
doi: 10.1021/co3001132
Dimkovich N.T., Muhin V.M., Maksimova L.M., Dvoreckij G.V., Satalkin Ju.N. Krajnova O.L., Rjabova Z.N., Dmitrienko M.M. Chemosorbent preparation method. Patent RU2237513, IPC B01J20/20, C01B31/08, no 2003123767/15, publ. 10.10.2004. (In Russian)
Mukhin V.M., Dimkovich N.T., Satalkin J.N., Mechkovskij L.V., Shubin A.M., Krajnova O.L, Dmitrienko M.M. Method for preparing chemosorbent. Patent RU2275330, IPC C01B31/08, no 2004114673, publ. 27.04.2006. (In Russian)
Lee Y.W., Park A.W. Choung J.H., Choi D.K. Adsorption Characteristics of SO2 on Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Shell with Potassium Hydroxide Activation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002. 36(5): 1086–1092.
doi: 10.1021/es010916l
Kim J.S., Kim M.-C., Kang E.-J., Kim M.-S. H2S Adsorption Characteristics of KIO3 Impregnated Activated Carbon. J. Korean Oil Chem. Soc. 2002. 20(1): 72–79.
Romero J.V., Smith J.W.H., Sullivan B.M., Mallay M.G., Croll L.M., Reynolds J.A., Andress C., Simon M., Dahn J.R. Gas Adsorption Properties of the Ternary ZnO/CuO/CuCl2 Impregnated Activated Carbon System for Multigas Respirator Applications Assessed through Combinatorial Methods and Dynamic Adsorption Studies. ACS Comb. Sci. 2011. 13(6): 639–645.
doi: 10.1021/co200121c
Severa G., Bethune K., Rocheleau R., Higgins S. SO2 sorption by activated carbon supported ionic liquids under simulated atmospheric conditions. Chem. Eng. J. 2015. 265: 249–258.
doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.051
Shahkarami S., Dalai A.K., Soltan J. Enhanced CO2 Adsorption Using MgO-Impregnated Activated Carbon: Impact of Preparation Techniques. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2016. 55(20): 5955–5964.
doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04824
Chen L., Gong M., Cheng Y., Liu Y., Yin S., Luo D. Effect of Pore Structure of Supports on CO2 Adsorption of Tetraethylenepentamine/Carbon Aerogels Prepared by Incipient Wetness Impregnation Method. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2019. 28(6): 4127–4137.
doi: 10.15244/pjoes/98997
Dou J., Yu J., Tahmasebi A., Yin F., Gupta S., Li X., Lucas J., Na C., Wall T. Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of highly reactive Fe–Zn sorbents supported on activated-char for desulfurization of COG. Fuel Process. Technol. 2015. 135: 187−194.
doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.01.035
Dou J., Zhao Y., Tahmasebi A.,Yu J. Sulfidation and regeneration of iron-based sorbents supported on activated-chars prepared by pressurized impregnation for coke oven gas desulfurization. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 2016. 33(10): 2849−2857.
doi: 10.1007/s11814-016-0148-9
Olontsev V.F., Minkova A.A., Generalova K.N. Nanoporous carbon fiber sorbents and chemisorbents for sorption and ecological technology use. PNRPU Bulletin. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2013. (1): 179–190. (In Russian)
Kazushige K., Dai T., Eiji A. Carbonaceous catalyst for flue gas desulfurization, process for producing the same and use thereof for removal of mercury from exhaust gas. Patent EP2260940, IPC B01D53/8609, B01J21/18, B01J23/04, B01J27/08, B01J37/0201, C01B17/78, no EP08765411, 15.12.2010
Ennan A.A.-A, Dlubovskiy R.M., Khoma R.E., Abramova N.M. Non-woven sorption and filtering fibrous material for respiratory purposes. PatentUA145419, IPC A62B23/02, B01D39/00, B01J20/20, no u2020040001, 10.12.2020. (In Ukrainian)
Ennan A.A.-A., Khoma R.E., Zakharenko Yu.S., Abramova N.M. Impregnating composition for chemosorbent obtaining.Patent 143862, IPC B01D39/00, B01D37/00, no u202002240, 10.08.2020. (In Ukrainian)
Ennan A.A.-A., Khoma R.E., Dlubovskiy R.M., Zakharenko Yu.S., Abramova N.N., Mikhaylova T.V., Barbalat D.O. Effect of modifying additives on chemosorption of sulfur (IV) oxide by fibrous material impregnated with polyethylenepolyamine. Vіsn. Odes. nac. unіv., Hіm. 2020. 25(4): 176–193.
doi: 10.18524/2304-0947.2020.4(76).216927
(In Russian)
Wu L.-C., Chang T.-H., Chung Y.-C.Removal of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide by carbons impregnated with triethylenediamine. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2007. 57(12): 1461–1468.
doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.12.1461
Wan Z., Zhang T., Liu Y., Liu P., Zhang J., Fang L., Sun D. Enhancement of desulfurization by hydroxyl ammonium ionic liquid supported on active carbon. Env. Res. 2022. 213: 113637.
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113637
Moshkin A.A., Lazarev V.I., Sobolev A.N., Geraskin V.I. Method of preparing sorbent for purifying gases from hydrogen sulfide. Patent RU2254916, IPC B01J20/30, B01D53/02, no 2004102652/15, publ. 27.06.2005. (In Russian)
Das D., Meikap B.C. Comparison of adsorption capacity of mono-ethanolamine and di-ethanolamine impregnated activated carbon in a multi-staged fluidized bed reactor for carbon-dioxide capture. Fuel. 2018. 224: 47–56.
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.090
Das D., Meikap B.C. Role of amine-impregnated activated carbon in carbon dioxide capture. Indian Chem. Engineer. 2021. 63(4): 435–447.
doi: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1760150
Ali U.F.M., Azmi N.H., Isa K.M., Aroua M.K., Shien T.R., Khamidun M.H. Optimization study on preparation of amine functionalized sea mango (Cerbia Odollam) activated carbon for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. Combust. Sci. Technol. 2018. 190(7): 1259–1282.
doi: 10.1080/00102202.2018.1448393
Muhammad A., Rather S.U., Umar M., Bamufleh H., Ali A.M., Youssef T.E. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture in Alkanolamines Impregnated Activated Carbon Developed from Date Stones. Sci. Adv. Mater. 2021. 13(1): 98–104.
doi: 10.1166/sam.2021.3835
Lin C., Zhang H., Lin X., Feng Y. Adsorption CO2 on Activated Carbon with Surface Modification. Adv. Mater. Res.2013. 634-638: 746–750.
doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.634-638. 746
Kiani S.S., Ullah A., Farooq A., Ahmad M., Irfan N., Nawaz M. Removal of sulfur dioxide by carbon impregnated with triethylenediamine, using indigenously developed pilot scale setup. Env. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022. 29: 30311–30323.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17653-6
Mukhin V.M., Tamamyan A.N., Khazanov A.A., Leif V.E., Solin M.N., Krainova O.L. Method for producing sorbent-catalyst. Patent RU2081822C1, IPC C01B31/08, B01D53/04, no 94032964/25, 20.06.1997. (In Russian)
Galkin E.A., Romanov Yu.A., Lyang A.V., Lyang I.G. Gas mask adsorbent. Patent RU2236901C1, IPC B01J20/20, B01J20/02, A62B23/02, no 2003108484/15, 27.09.2004. (In Russian)
Aleshina G.V., Gartsman I.I., Karev V.A., Kordialik V.V., Litvinskaya V.V., Mukhin V.M., Solovyov S.N., Chebykin V.V. Method of production of sorbent-catalyst. Patent RU2254915C1, IPC B01J20/20, С01В31/08, no 2004111070/15, 27.06.2005 (In Russian)
Shao J., Zhang J., Zhang X., Feng Y., Zhang H., Zhang S., Chen H. Enhance SO2 adsorption performance of biochar modified by CO2 activation and amine impregnation. Fuel. 2018. 224: 138–146.
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.064
Ennan A. A.-A., Khoma R.E. Impregnated fibrous chemosorbents of acid gases for respiratory purpose. Visn. Odes. nac. univ., Him. 2017: 22(4); 53–68.
doi: 10.18524/2304-0947.2017.4(64).115924
(In Ukrainian)
Ennan A. A.-A., Khoma R.E., Dlubovskii R.M., Zukharenko Yu.S., Benkovska T.S., Knysh I.M. Mono- and bifunctional impregnated fiber chemosorbents for respiratory purpose. Visn. Odes. nac. univ., Him. 2022. 27(1): 6–36.
doi: 10.18524/2304-0947.2021.4(80).248297
(In Ukrainian)
Kang Y.-J., Jo H.-K., Jang M.-H., Ma X., Jeon Y., Oh K., Park J.-I. A Brief Review of Formaldehyde Removal through Activated Carbon. Adsorpt. Appl. Sci. 2022. 12(10): 5025.
doi: 10.3390/app12105025
Khoma R.E. Acid-base interaction and sulfooxidation at chemosorption of sulfur dioxide by alkylamines aqueous solutions. Abstract of Doctor’s degree dissertation, 02.00.01. Kyiv, 2019, 50 p. (In Ukrainian)
Severa G., Head J., Bethune K., Higgins S., Fujise A. Comparative studies of low concentration SO2 and NO2 sorption by activated carbon supported [C2mim][Ac] and KOH sorbents. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2018. 6(1): 718–727.
doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.020
Liu W., Adanur S. Desulfurization properties of modified activated carbon fibers and activated carbon fiber paper. J. Ind.Textiles. 2015. 44(4): 513–525.
doi: 10.1177/1528083713502997
Xu L., Guo J., Jin F., Zeng H. Removal of SO2 from O2-Containing Flue Gas by Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) Impregnated with NH3. Chemosphere. 2006. 62(5): 823–826.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.070
Li K., Ling L., Lu C., Qiao W., Liu Z., Liu L., Mochida I. Catalytic removal of SO2 over ammonia-activated carbon fibers. Carbon. 2001. 39(12): 1803–1808.
doi: 10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00320-1
Chiu C.H., Lin H.P., Kuo T.H., Chen S.S., Chang T.C., Su K.H., Hsi H.C. Simultaneous control of elemental mercury/sulfur dioxide/nitrogen monoxide from coal-fired flue gases with metal oxide-impregnated activated carbon. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2015. 15: 2094–2103.
doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2015.03.0176
Williams R., Jencks W.P., Westheimer F.H. pKa data compiled by R. Williams. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Available at https://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/pkatable/pKa_compilation-1-Williams.pdf
Ennan A.A.-A., Dlubovskiy R.M., Khoma R.E. Water role in the gases chemosorporation processes by sorption-active materials. Visn. Odes. nac. univ., Him. 2021. 26(3): 6–26. (In Ukrainian)
Gaur V., Sharma A., Verma N. Removal of SO2 by Activated Carbon Fibre Impregnated with Transition Metals. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2007. 85(2): 188–198.
doi: 10.1002/cjce.5450850207
Manoilova L., Ruskova K. Evaluation of protective action of poisoned gas substances of new generated activated carbon for gas mask application. Security Future. 2021. (2): 75–77.
Adhikari D., Karki R., Adhikari K., Pantha N. Adsorption of toxic gases by metal-organic frameworks. Himalayan Phys. 2023. 10(1): 1–24.
doi: 10.3126/hp.v10i1.55272